Thousands of people gathered in Duisberg to pay tribute to the twenty one people who died at the cities Love Parade festival last weekend.
Christina Merkle, the German Chancellor, was amongst those in attendance at the service which was broadcast in football stadiums and other churches across Duisberg.
"The Love Parade became a dance of death," Nikolaus Schneider, the head of the Rhineland Lutheran church assembly, said in his sermon.
Rescue helpers lit 21 candles, one for each victim of the tragedy.
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